What are the first aid measures for acute myocardial infarction before admission?

The pre-hospital emergency measures for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) include the following:

1. Immediate cessation of activity: The patient should immediately stop all activities, try to remain calm, and avoid excessive exertion. They should lie down and rest, minimizing movement.
2. Call for emergency medical services: Once symptoms of acute myocardial infarction appear, the patient should immediately call for emergency medical services and notify them to come for treatment.
3. Medication treatment: If available, the patient can be given sublingual nitroglycerin (0.3-0.6mg) or isosorbide dinitrate (1mg) immediately. These medications can also be administered using aerosol sprays. Medications can help relieve angina and reduce myocardial ischemia.
4. Oxygen administration: If available, the patient can be given supplemental oxygen at a flow rate of 4-6L per minute. Oxygen administration helps improve oxygen saturation in the blood and alleviate myocardial hypoxia.
5. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): If the patient experiences cardiac arrest, immediate CPR should be performed, including external chest compressions and artificial respiration.
6. Close monitoring of the patient’s condition: While waiting for emergency medical personnel to arrive, it is important to closely monitor the patient’s vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Any changes should be promptly reported to the emergency medical personnel.
7. Follow the instructions of emergency medical personnel: Once the emergency medical personnel arrive, it is important to follow their instructions for further treatment, such as transportation to the hospital or continuation of medication treatment.

Pre-hospital emergency measures for acute myocardial infarction are crucial in reducing mortality, salvaging ischemic myocardium, limiting and minimizing the extent of the infarction, and reducing complications. Patients and their family members should be aware of and familiar with these emergency measures to take the correct actions during critical moments. Additionally, patients with acute myocardial infarction should undergo regular check-ups, follow medical advice, take medications as prescribed, and improve lifestyle habits to reduce the risk of recurrence.