1.What is erectile dysfunction?
Erectile dysfunction, in a broad sense, refers to a decrease in sexual desire, the inability of the penis to become erect, premature ejaculation, and other sexual dysfunctions collectively known as erectile dysfunction.
In a narrow sense, it specifically refers to the inability of the penis to become erect for sexual intercourse or, even if it does become erect, the inability to maintain sufficient hardness to complete sexual intercourse for a period of over a year. Erectile dysfunction is a complex sexual dysfunction with particularly noticeable overall effects. Normal sexual function also experiences physiological fluctuations. It is considered erectile dysfunction only when repeated failures to achieve sexual intercourse occur under normal sexual stimulation. The incidence of erectile dysfunction is approximately 10% in adult males, and its occurrence often increases with age.
2.What is erectile dysfunction?
Erectile dysfunction can be classified into two types: primary erectile dysfunction and secondary erectile dysfunction. Primary erectile dysfunction refers to the inability to engage in sexual intercourse, while secondary erectile dysfunction refers to individuals who previously had normal sexual function but later experience difficulties in achieving and maintaining an erection. Occasional and temporary inability to achieve an erection is considered a normal phenomenon. Poor mental state, fatigue, excessive alcohol consumption, intake of certain inhibitory medications, and erectile dysfunction during acute illness cannot be used as diagnostic criteria.
Erectile dysfunction can be classified into two main categories based on its causes: organic and psychological, with psychological factors accounting for over 70% of cases.
The causes of psychological erectile dysfunction are as follows:
- Developmental influences: This includes mental trauma related to sexual issues during childhood and improper parental education.
- Impact of interpersonal and family relationships: Disharmony in relationships is a significant factor contributing to sexual dysfunction. Many erectile dysfunction patients experience this either as a triggering factor or as the primary cause. Examples include harboring negative emotions or distrust towards a spouse and unresolved family conflicts.
- Emotional and cognitive factors: Prolonged emotional suppression, lack of sexual knowledge, and certain iatrogenic influences can all contribute to psychological erectile dysfunction. Iatrogenic influences may arise from doctors’ careless remarks or inadequate explanations, leading to misunderstandings. Additionally, adherence to feudal superstitions, religious constraints, and misconceptions about masturbation as sinful behavior can result in self-blame. Lack of understanding of reproductive physiology, reluctance to seek information due to embarrassment, and overwhelming anxiety can also play a role. These factors often lead to difficulties in sexual life. If met with criticism and neglect from family or society, symptoms of sexual dysfunction worsen, ultimately resulting in erectile dysfunction.
Psychological erectile dysfunction, also known as psychogenic erectile dysfunction, can be challenging to overcome, but there are several strategies and treatments that can help:
- Counseling and Therapy: Seeking help from a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or sex therapist, can be very beneficial. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to address the psychological factors contributing to erectile dysfunction. Therapy can help identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that may be affecting sexual performance.
- Couples Therapy: If relationship issues are contributing to the problem, couples therapy can be helpful. A therapist can assist in improving communication and intimacy between partners, which can alleviate performance anxiety and improve sexual function.
- Stress Management: Stress, anxiety, and depression can all contribute to erectile dysfunction. Techniques such as mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, and progressive muscle relaxation can help reduce stress and improve overall mental health.
- Education and Communication: Learning more about sexual function and erectile dysfunction can help alleviate misconceptions and reduce anxiety. Open communication with your partner about your feelings and concerns can also be beneficial.
- Medication and Medical Treatments: In some cases, medical treatments such as oral medications, vacuum erection devices, or penile injections may be used in conjunction with psychological treatments to help manage erectile dysfunction.
- Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthier lifestyle can have a positive impact on psychological erectile dysfunction. This includes quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy diet.
- Self-Help Resources: There are numerous self-help books, online resources, and support groups available for individuals dealing with psychological erectile dysfunction. These resources can provide additional strategies and support.
Overcoming psychological erectile dysfunction often requires patience and persistence. It may take time to find the approach or combination of approaches that work best for you. Consulting with a healthcare provider or mental health professional can provide personalized guidance and support.
