β Abnormal cell function and insulin release:
one β Cell destruction increases, and some factors can make pancreatic islets β Cell destruction, reduced insulin secretion, when β When the amount of cell destruction exceeds 70%, even after a meal, high glucose can not secrete enough insulin, which will lead to diabetes, islets caused by human insulitis β Cell destruction can eventually lead to type 1 diabetes. Some other chemicals, such as alloxan and streptozotocin, can cause animal islets β Cell destruction and diabetes. Recently, it was found that some rat drugs (code rh737) can cause human diabetes. Diabetes caused by these chemical poisons is similar to type 1 diabetes, but it has little significance in the etiology of human type 1 diabetes.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a part of the NIH, has been at the forefront of research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurological disorders, which often involve abnormal cell function, including β cell dysfunction.
The NINDS focuses on understanding the basic mechanisms of neurological disorders, including those related to β cell function. β cells are a type of neuron in the brain that play a crucial role in regulating cognitive and emotional processes. Abnormalities in β cell function have been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
two β Cell dysfunction, although not obvious in some patients with type 1 diabetes β The destruction of cells was reduced, but β Cell function disorders occur. No matter whether insulin secretion is delayed or increased, the first phase of insulin secretion (rapid secretion phase) is reduced or even absent. Moreover, compared with the blood glucose concentration at the corresponding time, insulin secretion is still lower than normal, and postprandial hyperglycemia occurs. A very few people secrete structurally abnormal insulin, also known as insulinopathy, which is caused by insulin gene mutations. At present, two types have been found, one is called variant proinsulin, the other is variant insulinemia.
On the surface, insulin in these two conditions is not low, but increased. However, due to structural variation, it cannot exert biological efficacy, thus leading to diabetes. Most of these diseases are familial genetic diseases.
Hyperinsulinemia
Hyperinsulinemia refers to the fact that the blood insulin level is significantly higher than normal. At present, there is no unified judgment standard. Some experts use the principle of statistical analysis to propose that hyperinsulinemia is defined when the insulin level is greater than the overall mean by more than two bar standard deviations.
Others point out that when the fasting insulin value or the sum of 60 and 120 minutes after glucose load is used, it is above the 75th percentile of the normal glucose tolerance population, It can be diagnosed as hyperinsulinemia. The occurrence factors of hyperinsulinemia and its impact on the occurrence of diabetes can be referred to the content of insulin resistance, because hyperinsulinemia generally coexists with insulin resistance, which is a specific form of insulin resistance.
