Exercise for diabetes patients:
Exercise therapy is mainly applicable to mild and moderate type 2 diabetes patients, especially those who are overweight and obese. Stable type 1 diabetes patients can also participate in physical exercise, but it should not be too intense.
Diabetes patients are not suitable for exercise or should reduce their exercise intensity if they have the following conditions:
- Hyperglycemic state.
- Acute complications of diabetes, such as acute infections, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
- Severe chronic complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy and kidney disease.
- Recent vascular embolism, etc.
Engaging in exercise is beneficial for diabetes management, but it requires careful consideration to ensure both safety and effectiveness. Firstly, consulting with a healthcare provider is essential before embarking on any exercise regimen, particularly for those with existing complications or who are on medications that could impact exercise tolerance or blood sugar levels. Monitoring blood sugar levels is another critical aspect; checking before, during, and after exercise helps individuals understand their body’s response, preventing potential issues like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It’s also important to stay hydrated, especially in hot or humid conditions, as dehydration can influence blood sugar levels and exercise performance.
Starting an exercise routine slowly and progressively increasing intensity and duration is advisable to prevent injuries and allow the body to adapt. A balanced diet that complements the exercise routine is crucial for maintaining blood sugar levels and providing necessary energy. Wearing appropriate footwear and clothing is essential, particularly for those with diabetic neuropathy or foot complications, to avoid injuries. Including a warm-up before exercise and a cool-down period afterward can help prevent sudden changes in blood sugar levels and prepare the body for the transition back to a resting state.
Incorporating a variety of exercises, such as aerobic exercises, strength training, and flexibility exercises, can improve overall fitness and reduce the risk of complications. Avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity is also important; even brief movement and stretching breaks during long sedentary periods can help maintain blood sugar levels. Lastly, having an emergency plan, including carrying a quick source of glucose and knowing where to seek help in case of emergencies like hypoglycemia, is crucial for safe exercise participation. By adhering to these guidelines, diabetes patients can safely reap the benefits of exercise, which include better blood sugar control, improved cardiovascular health, and enhanced overall well-being.
